What were the major explorations and discoveries in the Americas during this time?

During the Age of Exploration, there were several major explorations and discoveries in the Americas. Some of the most significant ones include:

1. Christopher Columbus: In 1492, Columbus embarked on his famous voyage across the Atlantic Ocean, aiming to find a new route to Asia. Instead, he stumbled upon the Americas, specifically the Caribbean islands, which marked the beginning of European exploration and colonization in the region.

2. Hernán Cortés: In 1519, Cortés led an expedition to Mexico, where he encountered the Aztec Empire. Through a combination of military tactics, alliances with indigenous groups, and the spread of diseases, Cortés conquered the Aztecs and established Spanish control over Mexico.

3. Francisco Pizarro: In 1531, Pizarro set out to conquer the Inca Empire in present-day Peru. With a small force, he captured the Inca emperor Atahualpa and eventually toppled the Inca civilization, leading to Spanish dominance in the region.

4. Jacques Cartier: In the early 16th century, Cartier explored the eastern coast of North America, specifically the area that is now Canada. He sailed up the St. Lawrence River and claimed the region for France, laying the foundation for French colonization in North America.

5. Juan Ponce de León: In 1513, Ponce de León explored the southeastern coast of North America, including present-day Florida. He is often associated with the legend of searching for the Fountain of Youth, although his main goal was to find new lands and resources for Spain.

6. Amerigo Vespucci: Although not an explorer himself, Vespucci played a crucial role in popularizing the idea that the lands discovered by Columbus were part of a new continent, separate from Asia. The continent was eventually named "America" in his honor.

These explorations and discoveries had far-reaching consequences, leading to the establishment of European colonies, the spread of Christianity, the exploitation of resources, and the eventual colonization and domination of the Americas by European powers.