Describe the relationship between Julius Caesar and the Senate.

The relationship between Julius Caesar and the Senate was complex and tumultuous. Initially, Caesar had a positive relationship with the Senate, as he was elected as a consul in 59 BCE and was able to pass several important reforms. However, as Caesar's power and influence grew, tensions began to arise between him and the Senate.

Caesar's military victories and popularity among the people threatened the traditional authority of the Senate, which led to resentment and fear among some senators. Additionally, Caesar's increasing disregard for the Senate's authority and his actions that undermined the traditional Roman political system further strained the relationship.

In 49 BCE, Caesar crossed the Rubicon River with his army, an act that was considered treasonous and a direct challenge to the authority of the Senate. This marked the beginning of a civil war between Caesar and the Senate, known as the Roman Civil War.

During the civil war, Caesar emerged victorious and became the sole ruler of Rome. He implemented various reforms and centralized power in his own hands, diminishing the authority of the Senate. Caesar appointed his own loyalists to key positions and reduced the Senate's power to a mere advisory role.

Despite these changes, Caesar still maintained some semblance of a relationship with the Senate. He continued to hold Senate meetings and sought their approval for his policies, although his decisions were often predetermined. Caesar also granted amnesty to many of his political opponents and tried to reconcile with the Senate.

However, Caesar's growing power and his intention to establish a monarchy led to a growing opposition within the Senate. This opposition ultimately led to his assassination on March 15, 44 BCE, by a group of senators led by Brutus and Cassius.

In summary, the relationship between Julius Caesar and the Senate started off positively but deteriorated over time due to Caesar's increasing power and disregard for the Senate's authority. The conflict between Caesar and the Senate ultimately led to a civil war and his assassination.