What is the evidence of trade with Greece in the Indus Valley Civilization?

The evidence of trade with Greece in the Indus Valley Civilization can be seen through various archaeological findings and historical records. One of the key pieces of evidence is the discovery of Greek pottery in the Indus Valley region. Excavations at sites such as Mohenjo-daro and Harappa have revealed fragments of Greek pottery, including distinctive shapes and designs that are characteristic of Greek craftsmanship.

Additionally, the presence of Greek seals and sealings in the Indus Valley further supports the existence of trade between the two civilizations. These seals, made of materials like steatite, have been found in the Indus Valley and are believed to have been used for marking and identifying goods during trade transactions. Some of these seals bear inscriptions in a script that is similar to Linear A, an ancient Greek writing system.

Furthermore, the discovery of precious materials like gold, silver, and gemstones in the Indus Valley, which are not naturally found in the region, suggests that they were likely obtained through trade with distant regions, including Greece. These materials were highly valued in both civilizations and would have been exchanged as luxury goods.

Historical records also provide evidence of trade between the Indus Valley Civilization and Greece. Greek historian Herodotus, who lived in the 5th century BCE, mentioned the existence of a trade route connecting the Indus Valley with the Greek city of Sardis. He described how goods such as Indian cotton, spices, and precious stones were transported through this route.

In conclusion, the evidence of Greek pottery, seals, precious materials, and historical records all point towards the existence of trade between the Indus Valley Civilization and Greece. These findings highlight the interconnectedness and economic exchanges that took place between these two ancient civilizations.