What is the evidence of trade with Central Asia in the Indus Valley Civilization?

The evidence of trade with Central Asia in the Indus Valley Civilization can be seen through various archaeological findings and artifacts. One of the key pieces of evidence is the presence of materials and objects that were not locally available in the region.

1. The discovery of lapis lazuli, a blue semi-precious stone, in the Indus Valley suggests trade connections with Central Asia. Lapis lazuli was primarily found in the mines of Afghanistan, indicating long-distance trade networks.

2. Another significant evidence is the presence of carnelian beads in the Indus Valley. Carnelian, a type of red-orange gemstone, was not found in the region but was sourced from Central Asia, particularly from present-day Iran and Turkmenistan.

3. The finding of terracotta figurines and pottery with distinct Central Asian influences also indicates trade connections. These artifacts often depict individuals wearing distinctive Central Asian clothing and hairstyles, suggesting cultural exchange through trade.

4. The presence of copper and tin objects in the Indus Valley Civilization also suggests trade with Central Asia. Tin, in particular, was not available locally and had to be imported from regions like Afghanistan and Iran.

5. The discovery of camel bones in the Indus Valley further supports the existence of trade with Central Asia. Camels were primarily used as pack animals in arid regions, and their presence indicates the transportation of goods over long distances.

Overall, the evidence of trade with Central Asia in the Indus Valley Civilization is demonstrated through the presence of materials, objects, and cultural influences that were not native to the region. These findings suggest the existence of extensive trade networks and connections with Central Asian regions during that time.