What is the evidence of social hierarchy in the Indus Valley Civilization?

The evidence of social hierarchy in the Indus Valley Civilization can be observed through various archaeological findings and the layout of their cities. One of the key pieces of evidence is the stark difference in the size and layout of the houses found in different areas of the cities. The presence of larger, well-planned houses with multiple rooms and courtyards suggests that there was a distinct class of wealthy individuals or ruling elites who had access to more resources and held higher social status.

Additionally, the presence of public buildings such as granaries, bathhouses, and assembly halls indicates the existence of a centralized authority or ruling class that oversaw the construction and maintenance of these structures. These public buildings were likely used for administrative, religious, or ceremonial purposes, further highlighting the social hierarchy and the presence of a ruling elite.

Another piece of evidence is the discovery of elaborate burial sites, known as "Great Bath" and "Great Granary," which were reserved for individuals of higher social status. These burial sites were often accompanied by valuable grave goods, such as jewelry, pottery, and figurines, suggesting that these individuals held significant social standing and were possibly part of the ruling class.

Furthermore, the presence of intricate and standardized city planning, including well-organized streets, drainage systems, and fortified citadels, indicates a level of central authority and control over the urban landscape. This suggests that there was a hierarchical system in place, with a ruling elite overseeing the planning and construction of these cities.

Overall, the evidence of social hierarchy in the Indus Valley Civilization can be seen through the stark differences in housing, the presence of public buildings, elaborate burial sites, and the standardized city planning. These findings suggest the existence of a ruling elite or higher social classes who held power and authority over the rest of the population.