History Indus Valley Civilization Questions Medium
The evidence of religious beliefs and practices in the Indus Valley Civilization can be seen through various archaeological findings and artifacts. One of the most prominent pieces of evidence is the presence of numerous seals depicting various animals, such as bulls, elephants, and tigers, which are believed to have held religious significance. These seals often feature a figure, commonly referred to as the "Proto-Shiva," seated in a yogic posture, suggesting the presence of early forms of Hinduism.
Additionally, the discovery of terracotta figurines, possibly representing deities or worshippers, further supports the existence of religious practices. These figurines depict both male and female figures, some adorned with elaborate headdresses and jewelry, indicating a possible pantheon of gods and goddesses.
The presence of fire altars and sacrificial pits in some Indus Valley sites suggests the practice of fire worship or ritualistic offerings. Excavations at sites like Kalibangan and Lothal have revealed evidence of fire altars, while the discovery of animal bones and pottery fragments in these pits indicates the performance of rituals and offerings.
Furthermore, the layout and design of the cities themselves provide insights into religious beliefs. The presence of large public bath complexes, known as "Great Baths," in cities like Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, suggests the importance of ritual purification and cleanliness in religious practices.
Overall, while the exact nature and specifics of religious beliefs in the Indus Valley Civilization remain largely unknown, the presence of seals, figurines, fire altars, and bath complexes provide significant evidence of religious beliefs and practices in this ancient civilization.