History Indus Valley Civilization Questions Medium
The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, flourished around 2600 to 1900 BCE in the northwestern region of the Indian subcontinent. This ancient civilization had a well-developed trade network, which is evident from various archaeological findings.
One of the key pieces of evidence for long-distance trade in the Indus Valley Civilization is the discovery of exotic materials and artifacts that were not locally available. Archaeologists have found objects made from materials such as lapis lazuli, turquoise, carnelian, and gold, which were sourced from distant regions like Afghanistan, Iran, and Central Asia. These materials were highly valued and used for crafting jewelry, beads, and other decorative items.
Another significant evidence of long-distance trade is the presence of standardized weights and measures across different Indus Valley sites. Archaeologists have discovered a remarkable consistency in the weights and measures used for trade, suggesting a well-organized system of commerce. This standardization indicates that trade was not limited to local exchanges but involved interactions with distant regions.
Furthermore, the discovery of seals and sealings provides additional evidence of long-distance trade. These seals, made from materials like steatite, depict various motifs and inscriptions. Some of these seals have been found in regions far beyond the Indus Valley, such as Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) and the Persian Gulf. This suggests that the Indus Valley people were engaged in trade with these regions, as the seals were likely used to mark and authenticate goods during commercial transactions.
The presence of foreign pottery and ceramics in the Indus Valley also indicates long-distance trade. Archaeologists have found pottery styles and techniques that were not native to the region, including distinctive red and black pottery associated with the ancient city of Susa in present-day Iran. These findings suggest that the Indus Valley people were importing goods from distant regions and participating in a vibrant exchange of goods and ideas.
In conclusion, the evidence of long-distance trade in the Indus Valley Civilization is supported by the discovery of exotic materials, standardized weights and measures, seals and sealings, as well as foreign pottery and ceramics. These findings highlight the extensive trade networks and economic interactions that existed during this ancient civilization, contributing to its prosperity and cultural exchange.