History Indus Valley Civilization Questions Medium
The evidence of art and architecture in the Indus Valley Civilization is primarily derived from the archaeological remains discovered at various sites. The civilization flourished from around 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE in what is now modern-day Pakistan and northwest India.
One of the most notable examples of art in the Indus Valley Civilization is the presence of seals. These seals, made of steatite or terracotta, depict various animals, such as bulls, elephants, and rhinoceroses, as well as human figures. The seals also bear inscriptions in a script that has not yet been deciphered, indicating a form of writing in the civilization. These seals were likely used for administrative and commercial purposes.
Another significant aspect of art in the Indus Valley Civilization is the presence of figurines. These figurines, made of terracotta, depict both male and female figures, often in intricate and detailed attire. The figurines also showcase various hairstyles, jewelry, and facial features, providing insights into the clothing and appearance of the people during that time.
In terms of architecture, the Indus Valley Civilization showcases advanced urban planning and construction techniques. The cities of Mohenjo-daro and Harappa, for example, were meticulously planned with well-organized street grids, public buildings, and residential areas. The houses were made of baked bricks and often had multiple rooms, courtyards, and even indoor plumbing systems with drainage networks.
The Great Bath, found in Mohenjo-daro, is another remarkable architectural feature. It is a large rectangular tank made of bricks and lined with a waterproof material, possibly bitumen. The purpose of the Great Bath is still debated, but it is believed to have had religious or ritualistic significance.
Furthermore, the presence of citadels or fortified structures in some Indus Valley cities suggests the existence of a centralized authority or ruling elite. These citadels were constructed on elevated platforms and had defensive walls, indicating the need for protection and security.
Overall, the evidence of art and architecture in the Indus Valley Civilization highlights the civilization's advanced craftsmanship, urban planning, and cultural practices. These archaeological remains provide valuable insights into the artistic and architectural achievements of one of the world's earliest urban civilizations.