History Indus Valley Civilization Questions Long
The Indus Valley Civilization, also known as the Harappan Civilization, flourished from approximately 2600 BCE to 1900 BCE in the northwestern regions of the Indian subcontinent. This ancient civilization was characterized by its advanced urban planning, sophisticated drainage systems, and extensive trade networks. Several pieces of evidence suggest the existence of long-distance trade during this period.
1. Archaeological findings: Excavations at various Indus Valley sites have unearthed a wide range of artifacts that indicate long-distance trade. These include precious stones, such as lapis lazuli from Afghanistan, carnelian from Gujarat, and turquoise from Iran. The presence of these materials in the Indus Valley suggests that they were acquired through trade networks spanning vast distances.
2. Seals and sealings: The Indus Valley Civilization is renowned for its distinctive seals made of steatite, a soft stone. These seals often depict animals, mythical creatures, and human figures. Some of these seals have been found in regions far beyond the Indus Valley, such as Mesopotamia (modern-day Iraq) and the Persian Gulf. The presence of these seals in distant lands suggests the existence of trade connections between the Indus Valley and other civilizations.
3. Standardized weights and measures: The Indus Valley Civilization had a highly organized system of weights and measures. Archaeologists have discovered standardized weights made of stone, terracotta, and bronze. These weights were used for trade and commerce, indicating the existence of a well-developed trading system that required uniformity in measurements.
4. Agricultural surplus: The Indus Valley Civilization was known for its advanced agricultural practices, which resulted in surplus food production. This surplus allowed for trade and exchange with neighboring regions. The presence of granaries and storage facilities in the cities of the Indus Valley further supports the idea of long-distance trade, as these structures were likely used to store surplus goods for trade purposes.
5. Urban planning and infrastructure: The cities of the Indus Valley were meticulously planned, with well-organized streets, drainage systems, and public buildings. The presence of such infrastructure suggests a prosperous and well-connected civilization. The construction of these cities required the mobilization of resources from distant regions, indicating the existence of long-distance trade networks.
In conclusion, the Indus Valley Civilization provides several pieces of evidence for long-distance trade. Archaeological findings, including the presence of exotic materials, seals found in distant lands, standardized weights and measures, surplus agricultural production, and well-planned urban infrastructure, all point towards a thriving trade network that connected the Indus Valley with other regions of the ancient world.