What were the major philosophical schools in ancient India?

The major philosophical schools in ancient India were:

1. Nyaya: This school focused on logic and reasoning, aiming to establish valid knowledge through logical analysis and debate.

2. Vaisheshika: This school explored the nature of reality and existence, emphasizing the study of atoms, elements, and their combinations.

3. Samkhya: This school delved into the dualistic nature of reality, distinguishing between matter and consciousness, and seeking liberation through self-realization.

4. Yoga: This school emphasized the practice of meditation, physical postures, and ethical principles to attain spiritual enlightenment and union with the divine.

5. Mimamsa: This school focused on the interpretation of Vedic texts and rituals, aiming to understand their meaning and significance.

6. Vedanta: This school interpreted the Upanishads and the Bhagavad Gita, emphasizing the concept of Brahman (ultimate reality) and the individual soul (Atman), seeking liberation through knowledge and devotion.

7. Jainism: Although not strictly a philosophical school, Jainism emphasized non-violence, truth, and asceticism, aiming to attain liberation through self-discipline and renunciation.

8. Buddhism: Similarly, Buddhism was not just a philosophical school but a religion. It emphasized the Four Noble Truths and the Eightfold Path, seeking liberation from suffering through mindfulness and ethical living.

These philosophical schools played a significant role in shaping ancient Indian thought and continue to influence Indian philosophy and spirituality to this day.