Explain the system of taxation in ancient India.

The system of taxation in ancient India was primarily based on the concept of land revenue. The king or ruler would collect taxes from the agricultural produce of the land. This was known as "Bali" or "Bhaga" tax, where a certain percentage of the crop was collected as tax. The tax rates varied depending on the quality of the land and the type of crop grown.

Apart from land revenue, there were also other forms of taxes imposed in ancient India. These included taxes on trade and commerce, known as "Sulkas" or "Toll Taxes," which were levied on goods transported through trade routes. Taxes were also imposed on artisans and craftsmen for their services, known as "Shulka" or "Kara" tax.

Furthermore, there were taxes on professions and occupations, such as taxes on goldsmiths, blacksmiths, and other skilled workers. Taxes were also collected on the sale of goods, known as "Vyaj" or "Sales Tax."

The revenue collected through these various forms of taxation was utilized for the maintenance of the kingdom, including the administration, defense, infrastructure development, and the welfare of the people. The system of taxation in ancient India played a crucial role in the economic stability and governance of the kingdom.