Describe the political movements and leaders during India's struggle for independence.

India's struggle for independence from British colonial rule was marked by various political movements and leaders who played significant roles in shaping the course of the freedom struggle. These movements and leaders were instrumental in mobilizing the masses, organizing protests, and advocating for India's independence.

One of the prominent political movements during this period was the Indian National Congress (INC), founded in 1885. Initially, the INC aimed to seek constitutional reforms within the British Raj, but it later evolved into a platform for demanding complete independence. Under the leadership of prominent figures like Dadabhai Naoroji, Gopal Krishna Gokhale, and Bal Gangadhar Tilak, the INC became a powerful force in the fight for freedom.

Another significant movement was the formation of the All India Muslim League (AIML) in 1906, which aimed to protect the political rights of Muslims in India. Led by figures like Muhammad Ali Jinnah, the AIML initially sought to work alongside the INC but later demanded a separate nation for Muslims, leading to the eventual partition of India and the creation of Pakistan.

The Non-Cooperation Movement, led by Mahatma Gandhi in the 1920s, was a major turning point in India's struggle for independence. Gandhi advocated for non-violent civil disobedience, urging Indians to boycott British institutions, schools, and products. This movement gained widespread support and showcased the power of non-violent resistance as a means to achieve independence.

The Salt March, also known as the Dandi March, was another significant event during the freedom struggle. In 1930, Gandhi led a march to the coastal town of Dandi to protest against the British monopoly on salt production. This act of civil disobedience inspired millions of Indians to join the movement and highlighted the oppressive nature of British rule.

Other notable leaders during India's struggle for independence include Jawaharlal Nehru, who became the first Prime Minister of independent India, and Subhas Chandra Bose, who formed the Indian National Army (INA) and fought against the British alongside the Axis powers during World War II.

Overall, the political movements and leaders during India's struggle for independence were diverse and multifaceted. They employed various strategies, from constitutional reforms to non-violent resistance and armed struggle, to challenge British rule and pave the way for India's eventual independence in 1947.