What were the major scientific discoveries during the time of Alexander the Great?

During the time of Alexander the Great, there were several major scientific discoveries that contributed to the advancement of knowledge and understanding in various fields. Some of the notable scientific discoveries during this period include:

1. Geography and Cartography: Alexander's conquests led to the expansion of geographical knowledge. The Greek geographer and explorer Pytheas of Massalia explored the northern regions of Europe, including Britain, and documented his findings. Additionally, the Greek scholar Eratosthenes accurately calculated the Earth's circumference, laying the foundation for modern geography.

2. Astronomy: The Hellenistic period saw significant advancements in astronomy. The Greek astronomer Aristarchus of Samos proposed the heliocentric model of the solar system, suggesting that the Earth revolves around the Sun. Although his theory was not widely accepted at the time, it laid the groundwork for future astronomical discoveries.

3. Medicine: The Hellenistic period witnessed advancements in medical knowledge. The Greek physician Herophilus conducted detailed anatomical studies, including the dissection of human cadavers, which greatly contributed to the understanding of human anatomy. His work laid the foundation for future medical practices.

4. Mathematics: During this period, Greek mathematicians made significant contributions to the field. Euclid, known as the "Father of Geometry," compiled and organized the principles of geometry in his famous work, "Elements." Archimedes, another renowned mathematician, made important discoveries in calculus, hydrostatics, and the measurement of geometric shapes.

5. Engineering and Technology: The Hellenistic period saw advancements in engineering and technology. The Greek engineer Ctesibius invented various mechanical devices, including the water clock and the hydraulic organ. These inventions demonstrated the Greeks' understanding of fluid mechanics and their ability to apply it to practical applications.

These scientific discoveries during the time of Alexander the Great laid the foundation for future advancements in various fields and significantly contributed to the progress of knowledge and understanding in the ancient world.