History Alexander The Great Questions Medium
During the reign of Alexander the Great, there were several major political changes that occurred.
Firstly, Alexander's conquests led to the establishment of a vast empire that stretched from Greece to Egypt and as far east as India. This expansion brought about significant political changes as Alexander sought to integrate the conquered territories into his empire. He implemented a policy of fusion, blending Greek and local cultures, and encouraged the adoption of Greek language, customs, and administration in the newly acquired regions. This resulted in the spread of Hellenistic culture and the establishment of Greek-style cities, known as Alexandrias, throughout the empire.
Secondly, Alexander's reign marked a shift from the traditional Greek city-state system to a centralized monarchy. He assumed the title of "King of Asia" and adopted the Persian royal customs, including proskynesis, a form of obeisance. This change in political structure centralized power in the hands of the king, with Alexander as the absolute ruler. He appointed loyal Macedonians as satraps, or governors, to administer the conquered territories, ensuring his control over the vast empire.
Furthermore, Alexander's reign saw the creation of a new political class known as the "Companions." These were the elite soldiers who fought alongside Alexander in his campaigns and were rewarded with land and positions of power. The Companions became a privileged group within society, enjoying special privileges and influence in the empire. This marked a departure from the traditional Greek aristocracy, as membership in the Companions was based on military merit rather than birthright.
Lastly, Alexander's reign also witnessed the blending of Eastern and Western political traditions. He adopted the Persian concept of kingship, which emphasized the divine nature of the ruler and the idea of a universal empire. This syncretism of political ideologies resulted in a unique blend of Greek, Persian, and other Eastern influences in the administration and governance of the empire.
In summary, the major political changes during the reign of Alexander the Great included the establishment of a vast empire, the fusion of Greek and local cultures, the shift towards a centralized monarchy, the creation of a new political class, and the blending of Eastern and Western political traditions.