History Alexander The Great Questions Medium
During the reign of Alexander the Great, there were several major military reforms that played a crucial role in his successful conquests and establishment of one of the largest empires in history. These reforms included the introduction of new tactics, the reorganization of the army, and the incorporation of diverse cultures into his military forces.
One of the most significant military reforms implemented by Alexander was the adoption of the Macedonian phalanx formation. This formation consisted of heavily armed infantry soldiers called hoplites, who were equipped with long spears called sarissas. The phalanx formation provided a solid and impenetrable wall of spears, allowing for effective defense and offense on the battlefield. This formation became the backbone of Alexander's army and played a crucial role in his victories.
Another important military reform was the integration of cavalry units into the army. Alexander recognized the importance of cavalry in warfare and expanded the number of mounted soldiers in his forces. He established the Companion Cavalry, which consisted of elite soldiers who were highly skilled in horseback combat. The cavalry units provided mobility, speed, and flexibility to the army, allowing for swift maneuvers and flanking tactics during battles.
Furthermore, Alexander implemented a policy of incorporating conquered peoples into his military forces. This approach, known as "syncretism," allowed him to create a diverse and multicultural army. By integrating soldiers from various regions and cultures, Alexander was able to benefit from their unique skills, knowledge, and fighting techniques. This approach not only strengthened his army but also helped in maintaining control over the vast territories he conquered.
Additionally, Alexander introduced a system of meritocracy within his army. He rewarded soldiers based on their abilities and achievements rather than their social status or noble birth. This motivated his soldiers to excel in battle and fostered a sense of loyalty and camaraderie among the troops.
Overall, the major military reforms during the reign of Alexander the Great included the adoption of the Macedonian phalanx formation, the integration of cavalry units, the incorporation of diverse cultures into the army, and the implementation of a merit-based system. These reforms played a crucial role in Alexander's military successes and contributed to the establishment of his vast empire.