Earth's Structure and Layers MCQ Test 1

1. Which type of rock is formed from the alteration of existing rock by heat, pressure, and chemically active fluids?

2. What is the primary mechanism driving the movement of tectonic plates?

3. What is the Earth's atmosphere primarily composed of?

4. What is the Earth's innermost layer composed of?

5. Which layer of the Earth is characterized by the presence of semi-precious gems and minerals like diamonds?

6. What is the name of the process where one tectonic plate slides past another horizontally?

7. Which layer of the Earth is divided into tectonic plates?

8. Which layer of the Earth is known for its plasticity, allowing the slow movement of tectonic plates?

9. What is the term for the bending of light as it passes through different layers of the Earth's atmosphere, creating stunning visual effects like rainbows?

10. Which type of rock is formed from the accumulation and compression of sediment over time?

11. What is the term for the process of the Earth's crust sinking into the mantle due to its weight?

12. What is the term for a slow, downslope movement of soil and rock material, often influenced by factors like water and vegetation?

13. What is the term for the process of adding new material to a tectonic plate's edge, often at convergent boundaries?

14. What type of boundary results from the collision of two tectonic plates?

15. What is the outermost layer of the Earth?

16. Which type of rock is formed from the cooling and solidification of magma or lava?

17. Which layer of the Earth is divided into the upper, lower, and transition zones?

18. What type of rocks are formed from the cooling and solidification of magma?

19. What is the term for the process of tectonic plates colliding and one plate being forced beneath the other?

20. What is the primary component of the Earth's Core?

21. Which type of rock is formed through the alteration of existing rock by heat, pressure, or mineral exchange?

22. Which layer of the Earth is characterized by its solid, rigid nature?

23. Which mineral is the primary component of Earth's upper mantle and is a major constituent of the Earth's mantle?

24. Which layer of the Earth is characterized by the presence of nickel and iron, contributing to the Earth's magnetic field?

25. Which layer of the Earth is characterized by a partially molten state, allowing for the movement of tectonic plates?

26. What is the term for the process of wearing away rocks or soil by natural agents such as wind or water?

27. What is the name of the layer between the Earth's crust and core?

28. What is the Earth's crust made up of?

29. What is the process of one tectonic plate sliding beneath another called?

30. What is the term for the process of soil particles being carried away by water or wind?

31. Which layer of the Earth is associated with the formation of mountain ranges through tectonic processes?

32. What is the term for a circular depression at the summit of a volcano?

33. What is the name of the point on the Earth's surface directly above the earthquake's point of origin?

34. Which layer of the Earth contains molten rock known as magma?

35. Which geological feature is formed by the dissolution of soluble bedrock, creating an underground drainage system?

36. Which process involves the movement of soil and rock debris downhill under the influence of gravity?

37. Which layer of the Earth is characterized by convection currents that drive plate tectonics?

38. Which tectonic plate is the largest and mostly submerged beneath the Pacific Ocean?

39. What is the name of the large, rigid pieces of the Earth's lithosphere that move and interact at tectonic plate boundaries?

40. What is the term for the process of minerals precipitating out of solution in the pore spaces of sediment, binding the particles together?

41. Which layer of the Earth is associated with the flow of magma and volcanic activity?

42. Which layer of the Earth is characterized by a semi-fluid state and is thought to be a source of magma?

43. Which layer of the Earth is characterized by the presence of convection currents that drive plate tectonics?

44. What is the phenomenon where a tectonic plate is neither subducting nor uplifting, maintaining a constant elevation?

45. What is the name of the boundary between the Earth's crust and mantle?

46. What is the name of the theory proposing that the Earth's lithosphere is divided into several large and rigid tectonic plates that move across the semi-fluid asthenosphere?

47. What is the primary component of the Earth's atmosphere?

48. Which layer of the Earth contributes to the formation of landforms like mountains and valleys?

49. What is the Earth's crust primarily composed of?

50. What is the thickest layer of the Earth?