How do tectonic plates move?

Tectonic plates move due to the process of plate tectonics, which is driven by the movement of the Earth's lithosphere. The lithosphere is divided into several large and small plates that float on the semi-fluid asthenosphere beneath them. These plates are constantly in motion, albeit very slowly, and their movement is primarily caused by three main mechanisms.

Firstly, plates can move apart from each other in a process known as divergent boundary. This occurs when magma rises from the mantle to create new crust, pushing the plates apart. This type of movement is responsible for the formation of mid-ocean ridges and the creation of new oceanic crust.

Secondly, plates can move towards each other in a process called convergent boundary. This occurs when two plates collide, and the denser plate is forced beneath the other in a process known as subduction. Subduction zones are often associated with the formation of mountain ranges, volcanic activity, and the creation of deep ocean trenches.

Lastly, plates can slide past each other horizontally in a process known as transform boundary. This occurs when two plates slide past each other in opposite directions, causing earthquakes along the fault lines. The San Andreas Fault in California is a well-known example of a transform boundary.

Overall, the movement of tectonic plates is driven by the continuous convection currents in the Earth's mantle, which cause the plates to interact and move in various directions.