What is the impact of ocean acidification on coral reefs?

The impact of ocean acidification on coral reefs is significant and detrimental. Ocean acidification refers to the process of increasing acidity in the ocean due to the absorption of carbon dioxide from the atmosphere. This increased acidity has several negative effects on coral reefs.

Firstly, ocean acidification inhibits the ability of corals to build and maintain their calcium carbonate skeletons. Corals rely on calcium carbonate to form the hard structures that make up their reefs. However, the increased acidity dissolves the calcium carbonate, making it more difficult for corals to build and maintain their structures. This leads to weakened and more fragile coral reefs, making them more susceptible to damage from storms and other disturbances.

Secondly, ocean acidification affects the growth and survival of coral larvae. Coral larvae, also known as coral polyps, settle on the reef and begin to grow into adult corals. However, the increased acidity hinders the ability of coral larvae to develop and calcify properly. This results in reduced growth rates and lower survival rates for coral populations, ultimately leading to a decline in coral reef ecosystems.

Furthermore, ocean acidification disrupts the symbiotic relationship between corals and the algae living within their tissues. Corals and algae have a mutualistic relationship, where the algae provide the corals with essential nutrients through photosynthesis, while the corals provide a protected environment for the algae. However, the increased acidity interferes with this relationship, causing the corals to expel the algae in a process known as coral bleaching. Coral bleaching weakens the corals and makes them more susceptible to disease and mortality.

Overall, the impact of ocean acidification on coral reefs is severe. It weakens the structural integrity of coral reefs, impairs the growth and survival of coral larvae, and disrupts the symbiotic relationship between corals and algae. These effects contribute to the decline of coral reef ecosystems, which are not only important for biodiversity but also provide essential resources and services to coastal communities.