Explain the concept of a mountain range's snow line and its significance in terms of climate zones.

The concept of a mountain range's snow line refers to the elevation above which snow and ice persist throughout the year. It is the boundary between the areas where snow accumulates and remains, and the areas where it melts away during the warmer months. The snow line is not a fixed line but rather varies depending on factors such as latitude, topography, and local climate conditions.

The significance of the snow line in terms of climate zones is that it helps define different climatic regions within a mountain range. As elevation increases, the temperature generally decreases, and this temperature gradient influences the distribution of vegetation and wildlife. The snow line acts as a dividing line between the lower, warmer regions and the higher, colder regions.

Below the snow line, the climate is typically characterized by milder temperatures and a longer growing season. This allows for the growth of a diverse range of vegetation, including forests, grasslands, and agricultural crops. These lower regions are often inhabited by human populations and support various economic activities such as agriculture, settlements, and tourism.

Above the snow line, the climate becomes harsher, with colder temperatures and shorter growing seasons. The presence of snow and ice for most of the year limits the growth of vegetation, and only specialized plants and animals adapted to these extreme conditions can survive. These higher regions are often characterized by alpine tundra, rocky terrain, and glaciers.

The snow line also plays a crucial role in hydrological processes. Snow accumulation in the higher elevations acts as a natural reservoir, storing water in the form of snow and ice. As the snow melts during the warmer months, it gradually releases water downstream, contributing to the flow of rivers and streams. This water supply is essential for various purposes such as irrigation, drinking water, and hydropower generation.

In summary, the concept of a mountain range's snow line is significant in terms of climate zones as it helps define different ecological and climatic regions within a mountain range. It influences the distribution of vegetation, wildlife, human settlements, and economic activities. Additionally, the snow line plays a crucial role in hydrological processes, contributing to the water supply downstream.