What were the main advancements in cartography during the 20th century?

During the 20th century, there were several significant advancements in cartography that revolutionized the field. Some of the main advancements include:

1. Aerial Photography: The development of aerial photography allowed cartographers to capture detailed images of the Earth's surface from above. This technique provided a new perspective and enabled the creation of more accurate and detailed maps.

2. Satellite Imagery: With the launch of satellites, cartographers gained access to high-resolution images of the Earth's surface. Satellite imagery provided a global view and allowed for the mapping of remote and inaccessible areas. It also facilitated the creation of thematic maps, such as weather patterns and vegetation distribution.

3. Geographic Information Systems (GIS): The advent of GIS technology transformed cartography by integrating various data sources, such as satellite imagery, aerial photography, and survey data, into a digital platform. GIS enabled the creation of interactive and dynamic maps, allowing for the analysis and visualization of spatial data.

4. Digital Mapping: The transition from traditional paper maps to digital mapping revolutionized cartography. Digital maps are more versatile, easily updated, and can be accessed and shared through various devices. This advancement also led to the development of web-based mapping services, such as Google Maps, which made maps widely accessible to the general public.

5. Global Positioning System (GPS): The introduction of GPS technology greatly improved the accuracy of mapping. GPS receivers enabled precise positioning on the Earth's surface, allowing for the creation of highly accurate maps and navigation systems.

6. Remote Sensing: The use of remote sensing techniques, such as LiDAR (Light Detection and Ranging), radar, and sonar, provided cartographers with detailed information about the Earth's surface and its features. These technologies allowed for the mapping of elevation, terrain, and underwater topography with high precision.

Overall, these advancements in cartography during the 20th century significantly improved the accuracy, detail, and accessibility of maps, enabling better understanding and analysis of the Earth's surface.