Energy Resources Questions Medium
The process of extracting and using coal as an energy resource involves several steps.
1. Extraction: Coal is typically extracted from underground mines or surface mines. In underground mining, miners use tunnels to access coal seams deep underground. They extract the coal using various methods such as continuous miners or longwall mining. In surface mining, large machines remove the topsoil and rock layers to expose the coal seams. The coal is then extracted using trucks or conveyor belts.
2. Preparation: Once the coal is extracted, it undergoes a preparation process to remove impurities and improve its quality. This process, known as coal washing or coal beneficiation, involves crushing the coal into smaller pieces and separating it from rocks, minerals, and other impurities. This helps to increase the energy content and reduce environmental impacts during combustion.
3. Transportation: After preparation, the coal is transported to power plants or other facilities for further processing or combustion. It is typically transported by trains, trucks, or barges, depending on the location of the coal mine and the destination.
4. Combustion: Coal is primarily used as a fuel in power plants to generate electricity. In a coal-fired power plant, the coal is burned in a furnace to produce high-pressure steam. The steam then drives a turbine connected to a generator, which produces electricity. The combustion process releases heat energy, which is harnessed to generate power.
5. Environmental considerations: The use of coal as an energy resource has significant environmental impacts. The combustion of coal releases greenhouse gases, such as carbon dioxide, contributing to climate change. It also emits pollutants like sulfur dioxide, nitrogen oxides, and particulate matter, which can cause air pollution and respiratory problems. To mitigate these impacts, technologies like flue gas desulfurization and electrostatic precipitators are used to reduce emissions.
6. Waste management: Coal combustion produces ash and other solid residues known as coal combustion residuals (CCRs). These byproducts need to be properly managed to prevent environmental contamination. Ash can be used in various applications such as cement production or disposed of in landfills. CCRs are subject to regulations to ensure safe storage and disposal.
Overall, the process of extracting and using coal as an energy resource involves mining, preparation, transportation, combustion, and waste management. It is important to consider the environmental and social impacts associated with coal use and explore cleaner and more sustainable alternatives for energy production.