Earths Structure And Layers Questions Medium
The process of mountain formation at convergent plate boundaries is known as orogeny. It occurs when two tectonic plates collide, leading to the formation of mountains. There are two main types of convergent plate boundaries: oceanic-continental and oceanic-oceanic.
In an oceanic-continental convergence, an oceanic plate subducts beneath a continental plate due to its higher density. As the oceanic plate descends into the mantle, it generates intense heat and pressure, causing the mantle to melt. This molten material, known as magma, rises towards the surface and forms a volcanic arc on the continental plate. The repeated eruptions of volcanoes contribute to the growth of the mountain range. Additionally, the compression and folding of the continental crust due to the collision result in the uplift of the land, further contributing to mountain formation.
In an oceanic-oceanic convergence, two oceanic plates collide. One plate subducts beneath the other, forming a deep oceanic trench. As the subducting plate descends, it generates intense heat and pressure, causing the mantle to melt. The molten material rises towards the surface, forming volcanic islands or island arcs. Over time, the accumulation of volcanic material and the compression of the crust lead to the formation of a mountain range.
Both types of convergent plate boundaries involve the collision and compression of tectonic plates, leading to the uplift and deformation of the Earth's crust, ultimately resulting in the formation of mountains.