Demographic Transition Model Questions
The four stages of the Demographic Transition Model are as follows:
1. Stage 1: High Stationary - This stage is characterized by high birth rates and high death rates, resulting in a stable population size. It is typically associated with pre-industrial societies where limited access to healthcare and high infant mortality rates contribute to the high death rates.
2. Stage 2: Early Expanding - In this stage, death rates start to decline due to improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and nutrition. However, birth rates remain high, leading to a rapid population growth. This stage is often observed during the early stages of industrialization.
3. Stage 3: Late Expanding - Birth rates begin to decline as societies undergo further industrialization and urbanization. Improved access to education, increased opportunities for women, and changing societal norms contribute to a decrease in fertility rates. Death rates continue to decline, resulting in a slower population growth.
4. Stage 4: Low Stationary - Both birth and death rates are low, leading to a stable population size. This stage is typically observed in post-industrial societies where access to healthcare, education, and contraception is widespread. Population growth is minimal or non-existent, and the population may even start to decline in some cases.
It is important to note that some models also include a Stage 5, which represents a potential future stage characterized by declining population due to very low birth rates and an aging population. However, not all countries reach this stage, and it is still a subject of debate among demographers.