What are the consequences of high birth rates and declining death rates in Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model?

In Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model, high birth rates and declining death rates have several consequences.

1. Rapid population growth: The combination of high birth rates and declining death rates leads to a significant increase in population size. This is because the number of births exceeds the number of deaths, resulting in a population that grows at a faster rate.

2. Young population structure: With high birth rates, a larger proportion of the population consists of children and young adults. This creates a youthful population structure, with a high dependency ratio (the ratio of dependent individuals, such as children and elderly, to the working-age population). This can put pressure on resources, such as education, healthcare, and employment opportunities.

3. Increased strain on infrastructure and services: The rapid population growth in Stage 2 can strain the existing infrastructure and services, including healthcare, education, housing, and transportation. The demand for these services may exceed the capacity to provide them, leading to inadequate access and quality.

4. Economic challenges: While high birth rates can contribute to a larger labor force, it can also pose economic challenges. The increased population may outpace the available job opportunities, leading to unemployment and underemployment. This can result in economic instability and social unrest.

5. Environmental impact: The growing population in Stage 2 puts pressure on natural resources and the environment. Increased demand for food, water, energy, and housing can lead to deforestation, pollution, and depletion of resources. This can have long-term consequences for the environment and sustainability.

6. Health and social issues: Although declining death rates indicate improvements in healthcare and living conditions, there can be challenges associated with rapid population growth. Limited access to healthcare, sanitation, and clean water can lead to the spread of diseases and health issues. Additionally, social issues such as overcrowding, poverty, and inequality may arise as a result of the population growth.

Overall, the consequences of high birth rates and declining death rates in Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model include rapid population growth, strain on infrastructure and services, economic challenges, environmental impact, and health and social issues.