Describe the factors that contribute to high birth rates and declining death rates in Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model.

In Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model, there are several factors that contribute to high birth rates and declining death rates. These factors include:

1. Improved healthcare: One of the main reasons for declining death rates in Stage 2 is the improvement in healthcare facilities and access to medical services. This includes advancements in medical technology, better sanitation practices, and increased availability of vaccines and antibiotics. These improvements lead to a decrease in mortality rates, particularly among infants and children.

2. Increased food production: Another factor contributing to declining death rates is the improvement in agricultural practices and food production. With advancements in technology and farming techniques, societies are able to produce more food, leading to better nutrition and a decrease in malnutrition-related deaths.

3. Access to clean water: In Stage 2, there is often an increase in access to clean water sources and improved sanitation infrastructure. This helps to reduce the spread of waterborne diseases, such as cholera and dysentery, which are major causes of death in developing countries.

4. Social and cultural factors: High birth rates in Stage 2 can be attributed to social and cultural factors. In many developing countries, having a large family is seen as a sign of wealth, status, and security. Additionally, cultural norms and religious beliefs may encourage early marriage and early childbearing, leading to higher fertility rates.

5. Lack of family planning: Limited access to family planning methods and contraceptives can also contribute to high birth rates in Stage 2. In some societies, there may be a lack of awareness or availability of contraception, leading to unintended pregnancies and larger family sizes.

Overall, the combination of improved healthcare, increased food production, access to clean water, social and cultural factors, and limited family planning contribute to high birth rates and declining death rates in Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model.