Demographic Transition Model Questions Long
Stage 2 in the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by high birth rates and rapidly declining death rates, resulting in a significant population growth. This stage is typically associated with countries that are undergoing industrialization and experiencing improvements in healthcare, sanitation, and living conditions.
One of the main characteristics of Stage 2 is a high birth rate. This is primarily due to cultural, social, and economic factors. In many developing countries, children are seen as a valuable asset, contributing to the family's labor force and providing support in old age. Additionally, limited access to contraception and family planning services may contribute to higher birth rates. As a result, the population grows rapidly during this stage.
Another characteristic of Stage 2 is a decline in death rates. Improvements in healthcare, such as the introduction of vaccinations, antibiotics, and better sanitation practices, lead to a decrease in mortality rates. This results in increased life expectancy and a higher survival rate, particularly among infants and children. The decline in death rates also contributes to population growth as more individuals reach reproductive age.
Urbanization is another feature of Stage 2. As industrialization progresses, there is a shift from rural agrarian societies to urban centers. This transition is driven by the availability of employment opportunities in factories and industries. The migration of people from rural to urban areas leads to population concentration in cities, which can further contribute to population growth.
Education and literacy rates also tend to increase during Stage 2. As societies become more industrialized, there is a greater emphasis on education and the development of a skilled workforce. This leads to improved access to education, resulting in higher literacy rates. Education plays a crucial role in empowering individuals, particularly women, and can contribute to a decline in birth rates in later stages of the demographic transition.
Overall, Stage 2 of the Demographic Transition Model is characterized by high birth rates, declining death rates, rapid population growth, urbanization, and increasing education and literacy rates. These changes are typically observed in countries undergoing industrialization and experiencing improvements in healthcare and living conditions.