What were the major decolonization movements in the Middle East and Europe?

In the Middle East, the major decolonization movements were primarily focused on gaining independence from European colonial powers. Some notable examples include:

1. Indian Independence Movement: Led by Mahatma Gandhi, this movement aimed to end British colonial rule in India and resulted in the partition of India and the creation of India and Pakistan in 1947.

2. Algerian War of Independence: Algerians fought against French colonial rule from 1954 to 1962, resulting in the establishment of an independent Algeria.

3. Egyptian Revolution: The Egyptian Revolution of 1952 led to the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a republic, marking the end of British influence in Egypt.

In Europe, decolonization movements were primarily focused on granting independence to former colonies. Some major movements include:

1. Portuguese Colonial War: This conflict took place from 1961 to 1974, as African colonies such as Angola, Mozambique, and Guinea-Bissau fought for independence from Portuguese rule.

2. Dutch East Indies Independence Movement: After World War II, Indonesia fought for independence from Dutch colonial rule, which was achieved in 1949.

3. French Decolonization: France faced decolonization movements in various regions, including Indochina (Vietnam, Laos, and Cambodia) and North Africa (Algeria, Tunisia, and Morocco), resulting in the granting of independence to these territories.

These are just a few examples of the major decolonization movements in the Middle East and Europe.