What were the major decolonization movements in the Middle East and Africa?

The major decolonization movements in the Middle East and Africa were:

1. Middle East:
- Arab Nationalism: This movement aimed to unite Arab nations and gain independence from European colonial powers. It led to the formation of several independent Arab states, such as Egypt, Syria, Iraq, and Lebanon.
- Iranian Revolution: In 1979, the Iranian Revolution overthrew the Shah of Iran and established an Islamic republic, marking a significant decolonization movement in the region.

2. Africa:
- Pan-Africanism: This movement sought to unite African nations and promote African identity and independence. It played a crucial role in the decolonization process across the continent.
- Algerian War of Independence: Algeria fought a long and bloody war against French colonial rule from 1954 to 1962, eventually gaining independence.
- Ghanaian Independence Movement: Led by Kwame Nkrumah, Ghana became the first sub-Saharan African country to gain independence from colonial rule in 1957.
- African National Congress (ANC): The ANC played a pivotal role in the decolonization of South Africa, leading the struggle against apartheid and eventually achieving independence in 1994.

These are just a few examples of the major decolonization movements in the Middle East and Africa, as there were numerous other movements and struggles for independence throughout the regions.