What were the major challenges faced by newly independent nations in terms of resource management?

The major challenges faced by newly independent nations in terms of resource management included:

1. Economic Dependency: Many newly independent nations inherited economies that were heavily dependent on the colonial powers. This meant that they had limited control over their own resources and were often forced to continue exporting raw materials to the former colonial powers, resulting in limited economic diversification and development.

2. Unequal Distribution of Resources: Colonialism often resulted in the concentration of resources in the hands of a few elites, leaving the majority of the population impoverished. Newly independent nations had to address this unequal distribution and implement policies to ensure equitable access to resources for all citizens.

3. Lack of Infrastructure: Many colonial powers neglected to invest in infrastructure development in their colonies, resulting in a lack of basic amenities such as roads, schools, hospitals, and electricity. Newly independent nations had to invest heavily in infrastructure to support economic growth and improve the living conditions of their citizens.

4. Environmental Degradation: Colonial powers often exploited the natural resources of their colonies without considering the long-term environmental consequences. Newly independent nations had to address issues such as deforestation, soil erosion, and pollution, while also promoting sustainable resource management practices.

5. Limited Technical Expertise: Colonial powers often restricted access to education and technical training for the local population, resulting in a lack of skilled professionals in various sectors. Newly independent nations had to invest in education and training programs to build a skilled workforce capable of managing and utilizing their resources effectively.

Overall, the major challenges faced by newly independent nations in terms of resource management were rooted in the legacy of colonialism, including economic dependency, unequal distribution of resources, lack of infrastructure, environmental degradation, and limited technical expertise.