What were the major challenges faced by newly independent nations in terms of political alliances?

The major challenges faced by newly independent nations in terms of political alliances were:

1. Formation of stable governments: Many newly independent nations struggled to establish stable and effective governments. They had to navigate through the complexities of building political institutions, creating constitutions, and ensuring the participation of diverse ethnic and religious groups.

2. Managing ethnic and religious tensions: These nations often had diverse populations with different ethnic and religious backgrounds. Balancing the interests and demands of various groups while maintaining national unity was a significant challenge. Ethnic and religious conflicts could undermine political stability and hinder the formation of strong alliances.

3. Establishing diplomatic relations: Newly independent nations had to establish diplomatic relations with other countries and forge alliances to secure their sovereignty and protect their interests. This required skilled diplomats and negotiations to navigate the complex web of international politics.

4. Overcoming colonial legacies: Many newly independent nations inherited political divisions and rivalries created by colonial powers. These divisions often persisted and hindered the formation of strong alliances. Additionally, the economic and social inequalities left behind by colonialism posed significant challenges to the newly independent nations.

5. Balancing global power dynamics: The newly independent nations had to navigate the Cold War era, where global powers like the United States and the Soviet Union sought to gain influence and control over these nations. Choosing the right political alliances without compromising their sovereignty and national interests was a delicate task.

Overall, the major challenges faced by newly independent nations in terms of political alliances were establishing stable governments, managing ethnic and religious tensions, establishing diplomatic relations, overcoming colonial legacies, and balancing global power dynamics.