What were the major challenges faced by newly independent nations in terms of maintaining stability?

The major challenges faced by newly independent nations in terms of maintaining stability included:

1. Political instability: Many newly independent nations struggled with establishing stable political systems and institutions. This often led to power struggles, coups, and frequent changes in leadership, which hindered the stability of these nations.

2. Economic challenges: Most newly independent nations inherited weak economies from their colonial rulers. They faced the task of building a strong and self-sustaining economy, which required overcoming issues such as poverty, unemployment, and lack of infrastructure. Additionally, the exploitation of resources by colonial powers often left these nations economically dependent and vulnerable.

3. Ethnic and religious tensions: Many newly independent nations were composed of diverse ethnic and religious groups, which often led to conflicts and tensions. The struggle for power and resources among different groups could destabilize the nation and lead to violence and civil unrest.

4. Social and cultural divisions: Colonialism often created divisions within societies, such as class disparities and cultural marginalization. Addressing these divisions and promoting social cohesion was a significant challenge for newly independent nations.

5. External interference: Former colonial powers and other global powers often continued to exert influence and interference in the affairs of newly independent nations. This interference could undermine the stability and sovereignty of these nations.

6. Lack of experience and infrastructure: Many newly independent nations lacked the necessary experience and infrastructure to effectively govern themselves. This included a lack of trained administrators, legal systems, and institutions, which made it difficult to maintain stability and provide essential services to the population.

Overall, the major challenges faced by newly independent nations in maintaining stability were political instability, economic challenges, ethnic and religious tensions, social and cultural divisions, external interference, and a lack of experience and infrastructure.