What were the major challenges faced by newly independent nations in terms of democratic governance?

The major challenges faced by newly independent nations in terms of democratic governance included:

1. Building democratic institutions: Many newly independent nations lacked the necessary institutions and infrastructure to support democratic governance. They had to establish systems such as a constitution, judiciary, legislature, and electoral processes from scratch.

2. Political instability: The transition from colonial rule to independence often led to political instability, as different factions and groups vied for power. This instability hindered the establishment of stable democratic governments.

3. Ethnic and religious tensions: Newly independent nations often had diverse populations with different ethnic and religious backgrounds. Managing these tensions and ensuring equal representation and rights for all citizens posed significant challenges to democratic governance.

4. Economic development: Many newly independent nations faced economic challenges, including poverty, underdevelopment, and limited resources. These economic constraints made it difficult to implement effective democratic governance and provide basic services to the population.

5. Lack of experience and capacity: In many cases, the leaders of newly independent nations lacked experience in democratic governance. They had to learn on the job, which sometimes resulted in ineffective decision-making and governance.

6. Neocolonialism and external interference: Some newly independent nations faced neocolonialism, where former colonial powers or other external actors continued to exert influence over their governance. This interference often undermined democratic processes and hindered the development of independent governance systems.

Overall, the major challenges faced by newly independent nations in terms of democratic governance were building institutions, managing political instability, addressing ethnic and religious tensions, promoting economic development, developing leadership capacity, and countering external interference.