Cold War Era Questions Medium
During the Cold War, the United States played a significant role in the Chilean coup d'état that took place on September 11, 1973. The coup resulted in the overthrow of democratically elected President Salvador Allende and the establishment of a military dictatorship led by General Augusto Pinochet.
The United States' involvement in the Chilean coup can be traced back to the early 1970s when Allende, a socialist, was elected as the President of Chile. Allende's government implemented various socialist policies, including nationalization of industries and land reforms, which raised concerns among American policymakers. The United States, under President Richard Nixon and his National Security Advisor Henry Kissinger, viewed Allende's government as a threat to American interests in the region.
To undermine Allende's government, the United States initiated a covert operation known as "Track II" to destabilize Chile's economy and create social unrest. The CIA provided financial support to opposition groups, including political parties, labor unions, and media outlets, which aimed to weaken Allende's popularity and legitimacy.
Furthermore, the United States imposed economic sanctions on Chile, cutting off financial aid and pressuring international organizations to do the same. This economic pressure contributed to the deterioration of the Chilean economy, leading to increased social unrest and political polarization within the country.
In the months leading up to the coup, the United States intensified its efforts to support anti-Allende forces. The CIA provided training, funding, and logistical support to Chilean military officers who were plotting against Allende. The United States also encouraged and facilitated communication between opposition groups and the military, creating an environment conducive to a coup.
On September 11, 1973, the Chilean military, with the support of the United States, launched a coup against Allende's government. The military bombed the presidential palace, leading to Allende's death. General Pinochet assumed power and established a repressive military dictatorship that lasted until 1990.
In summary, the United States played a significant role in the Chilean coup d'état during the Cold War. Through covert operations, economic sanctions, and support for anti-Allende forces, the United States actively worked to undermine Allende's government and ultimately contributed to the overthrow of a democratically elected leader.