How many biodiversity hotspots are there currently?

As of now, there are 36 recognized biodiversity hotspots worldwide. These hotspots are specific regions that are characterized by exceptionally high levels of biodiversity and are also under significant threat of habitat loss and degradation. The concept of biodiversity hotspots was first introduced by British ecologist Norman Myers in 1988, and it has since gained recognition and importance in conservation efforts.

To be considered a biodiversity hotspot, a region must meet two main criteria: it must have at least 1,500 endemic plant species (species that are found nowhere else in the world) and it must have lost at least 70% of its original habitat. These criteria help identify areas that are both biologically rich and highly threatened.

The 36 biodiversity hotspots are distributed across the globe, covering various ecosystems and biomes. Some of the well-known hotspots include the Amazon Rainforest in South America, the Western Ghats and Sri Lanka in the Indian subcontinent, the Mediterranean Basin, the Caribbean Islands, and the Cape Floristic Region in South Africa.

These hotspots are of great importance for conservation efforts as they harbor a significant proportion of the Earth's biodiversity. Despite covering only 2.4% of the Earth's land surface, these hotspots are home to more than half of all plant species and about 43% of all bird, mammal, reptile, and amphibian species. Protecting these areas is crucial for preserving global biodiversity and ensuring the survival of numerous species that are endemic to these regions.

Efforts to conserve biodiversity hotspots involve a combination of strategies, including establishing protected areas, implementing sustainable land-use practices, promoting community-based conservation initiatives, and raising awareness about the importance of biodiversity conservation. By focusing on these hotspots, conservation organizations and governments can maximize their impact and prioritize resources to protect the most vulnerable and valuable ecosystems on our planet.