How is agriculture practiced in the tea plantations of Sri Lanka?

In Sri Lanka, agriculture is primarily practiced in the tea plantations through a method known as plantation agriculture. Tea plantations in Sri Lanka are typically large-scale commercial operations that involve the cultivation of tea bushes on extensive land areas.

The process begins with the preparation of the land, which includes clearing the area of any existing vegetation and ensuring proper drainage. Tea bushes are then planted in rows, usually on hilly terrains, as the elevation and climate in Sri Lanka are ideal for tea cultivation.

Once the tea bushes are established, they require regular maintenance, including pruning, weeding, and pest control. The tea plants are pruned to maintain their shape and encourage new growth, which ensures a higher yield of tea leaves. Weeds are removed to prevent competition for nutrients and water, while pests are controlled through various methods, including the use of organic or chemical pesticides.

Tea plantations in Sri Lanka also rely heavily on irrigation systems to provide the necessary water for the tea bushes. Rainfall patterns can be unpredictable, so irrigation ensures a consistent water supply, especially during dry periods.

Harvesting of tea leaves is a crucial step in the process. In Sri Lanka, tea leaves are typically hand-plucked, with skilled workers selectively picking the top two leaves and a bud from each tea bush. This careful plucking ensures the highest quality tea leaves, which are then processed to produce various types of tea, such as black, green, or white tea.

After harvesting, the tea leaves undergo processing, which involves withering, rolling, fermenting, and drying. These steps are essential to develop the desired flavors and aromas of the tea. Finally, the processed tea leaves are sorted, graded, and packaged for distribution and export.

Overall, agriculture in the tea plantations of Sri Lanka involves meticulous cultivation, maintenance, and processing techniques to produce high-quality tea. The industry plays a significant role in the country's economy, providing employment opportunities and contributing to both domestic consumption and international trade.