Enhance Your Learning with Independence Movements Flash Cards for quick learning
The political upheaval in the 18th century when the thirteen colonies in North America sought independence from Great Britain, resulting in the formation of the United States of America.
A period of radical social and political change in France from 1789 to 1799, marked by the overthrow of the monarchy, the rise of Robespierre and the Reign of Terror, and the eventual rise of Napoleon Bonaparte.
A series of efforts by Indians to gain independence from British rule, culminating in the formation of the Dominion of India and the Dominion of Pakistan in 1947.
A wave of movements and struggles for independence from colonial rule that swept across Africa in the mid-20th century, leading to the decolonization of the continent.
A series of revolutions and wars of independence in the early 19th century that resulted in the independence of most of the countries in Latin America from Spanish and Portuguese colonial rule.
An armed conflict that took place in Ireland from 1919 to 1921, resulting in the establishment of the Irish Free State and the partition of Ireland.
The conflict between Jewish and Arab communities in Palestine from 1947 to 1949, resulting in the establishment of the State of Israel.
A series of movements and wars fought by the Vietnamese people against colonial powers, particularly France and the United States, leading to the reunification of Vietnam in 1975.
A series of movements and struggles against apartheid and white minority rule in South Africa, culminating in the election of Nelson Mandela as the country's first black president in 1994.
A series of protests, demonstrations, and uprisings against Japanese colonial rule in Korea from 1919 to 1945, leading to the liberation of Korea at the end of World War II.
A war fought by Algerian nationalists against French colonial rule from 1954 to 1962, resulting in the independence of Algeria.
The armed revolt led by Fidel Castro and his supporters against the government of Cuban dictator Fulgencio Batista, resulting in the establishment of a socialist state in Cuba.
A revolution and armed conflict that took place in Mexico from 1810 to 1821, resulting in the independence of Mexico from Spanish colonial rule.
The philosophy and practice of nonviolent resistance and civil disobedience employed by Mahatma Gandhi during the Indian independence movement.
A series of revolutions and uprisings in China from 1911 to 1949, resulting in the overthrow of the Qing dynasty and the establishment of the People's Republic of China.
A pair of revolutions in Russia in 1917, first resulting in the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of a provisional government, and later leading to the rise of the Bolsheviks and the formation of the Soviet Union.
A series of protests, demonstrations, and uprisings in Egypt from 2011 to 2013, resulting in the overthrow of President Hosni Mubarak and the establishment of a new government.
A conflict and diplomatic struggle between Indonesia and the Dutch Empire from 1945 to 1949, resulting in the recognition of Indonesian independence.
The revolution that took place in Iran from 1978 to 1979, resulting in the overthrow of the monarchy and the establishment of an Islamic republic.
The conflict fought by Bolivian nationalists against Spanish colonial rule from 1809 to 1825, resulting in the independence of Bolivia.
The successful slave revolt in the French colony of Saint-Domingue from 1791 to 1804, resulting in the establishment of Haiti as the first independent black republic.
The revolution against Spanish colonial rule in the Philippines from 1896 to 1898, resulting in the proclamation of Philippine independence.
A series of uprisings and movements for independence by the Polish people against foreign powers, particularly Russia, Prussia, and Austria, throughout the 19th and early 20th centuries.
A political movement advocating for the independence of Scotland from the United Kingdom, with various campaigns and referendums held in recent years.
A political movement advocating for the independence of Puerto Rico from the United States, with various organizations and activists working towards that goal.
The process by which the British colonies of Canada, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia were united into a single Dominion within the British Empire in 1867, laying the foundation for the modern nation of Canada.
The armed conflict and civil war in East Pakistan (now Bangladesh) from 1971 to 1972, resulting in the independence of Bangladesh from Pakistan.
A series of movements and struggles for independence from British colonial rule in Kenya, led by figures like Jomo Kenyatta, resulting in the establishment of the Republic of Kenya in 1964.
A series of movements and armed struggles against white minority rule in Rhodesia (now Zimbabwe), led by figures like Robert Mugabe, resulting in the independence of Zimbabwe in 1980.
A series of movements and struggles for independence from British colonial rule in Nigeria, leading to the establishment of the Federal Republic of Nigeria in 1963.
The armed conflict fought by Angolan nationalists against Portuguese colonial rule from 1961 to 1974, resulting in the independence of Angola.
The armed conflict fought by Mozambican nationalists against Portuguese colonial rule from 1964 to 1974, resulting in the independence of Mozambique.
The armed conflict fought by Namibian nationalists against South African rule from 1966 to 1990, resulting in the independence of Namibia.
A period of political and social reform in Guatemala from 1944 to 1954, marked by the overthrow of dictatorial regimes and the implementation of progressive policies.
The armed conflict and political revolution in Nicaragua from 1978 to 1990, resulting in the overthrow of the Somoza dictatorship and the establishment of a socialist government.
The armed conflict in El Salvador from 1979 to 1992, fought between the military-led government and various leftist guerrilla groups, resulting in significant loss of life and political instability.
A series of movements and struggles for independence from British colonial rule in Burma (now Myanmar), leading to the establishment of the Union of Burma in 1948.
A series of movements and struggles for independence from British colonial rule in Ceylon (now Sri Lanka), leading to the establishment of the Dominion of Ceylon in 1948.
A political and social movement advocating for the independence and sovereignty of Lebanon, with various organizations and activists working towards that goal.
A series of movements and struggles for independence from British colonial rule in Cyprus, leading to the establishment of the Republic of Cyprus in 1960.
A series of movements and struggles for independence from Russian and Swedish rule, leading to the establishment of the Republic of Finland in 1917.
A series of movements and struggles for independence from Russian and German rule, leading to the establishment of the Republic of Estonia in 1918.
A series of movements and struggles for independence from Russian and German rule, leading to the establishment of the Republic of Latvia in 1918.
A series of movements and struggles for independence from Russian and German rule, leading to the establishment of the Republic of Lithuania in 1918.
A series of movements and struggles for independence from Russian and Soviet rule, leading to the establishment of the Ukrainian People's Republic in 1917.
A series of movements and struggles for independence from Russian and Soviet rule, leading to the establishment of the Belarusian People's Republic in 1918.