Exploration And Discoveries Study Cards

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Age of Exploration

A period from the 15th to the 17th century when European explorers embarked on voyages to discover new trade routes, territories, and resources.

Christopher Columbus

Italian explorer who completed four voyages across the Atlantic Ocean, opening the way for widespread European exploration and the eventual colonization of the Americas.

Vasco da Gama

Portuguese explorer who was the first European to reach India by sea, establishing a direct maritime trade route between Europe and Asia.

Ferdinand Magellan

Portuguese explorer who led the first circumnavigation of the Earth, proving that the Earth is round and significantly expanding knowledge of the world's geography.

Captain James Cook

British explorer and navigator who made three voyages to the Pacific Ocean, mapping many areas and making significant discoveries, including the Hawaiian Islands.

Lewis and Clark Expedition

An expedition led by Meriwether Lewis and William Clark to explore the western portion of the United States, commissioned by President Thomas Jefferson.

Roald Amundsen

Norwegian explorer who led the first successful expedition to reach the South Pole, beating his rival Robert Falcon Scott.

Neil Armstrong

American astronaut and the first person to walk on the Moon during the Apollo 11 mission in 1969.

Archaeological Discoveries

Excavations and findings that provide insights into ancient civilizations, cultures, and historical events, helping us understand the past.

Tutankhamun's Tomb

The discovery of the tomb of the ancient Egyptian pharaoh Tutankhamun by Howard Carter in 1922, revealing a wealth of artifacts and information about ancient Egypt.

Machu Picchu

An ancient Inca city in Peru, rediscovered by Hiram Bingham in 1911, and now a popular tourist destination and UNESCO World Heritage site.

Great Wall of China

A massive fortification built to protect China from invasions, the Great Wall stretches over 13,000 miles and was discovered by the world as a remarkable historical site.

Galápagos Islands

A group of volcanic islands in the Pacific Ocean, famous for their unique wildlife and their role in Charles Darwin's theory of evolution.

Hubble Space Telescope

A space telescope launched by NASA in 1990, providing breathtaking images and valuable data about the universe, expanding our understanding of space.

Apollo Program

A series of manned space missions conducted by NASA, culminating in the first human landing on the Moon during the Apollo 11 mission in 1969.

Archimedes' Principle

A scientific principle discovered by the ancient Greek mathematician Archimedes, stating that an object submerged in a fluid experiences an upward buoyant force equal to the weight of the fluid it displaces.

Theory of Relativity

A groundbreaking scientific theory developed by Albert Einstein, explaining the relationship between space, time, and gravity, and revolutionizing our understanding of the universe.

Penicillin

An antibiotic drug discovered by Alexander Fleming in 1928, revolutionizing medicine by effectively treating bacterial infections and saving countless lives.

DNA Structure

The double helix structure of DNA, discovered by James Watson and Francis Crick in 1953, providing the foundation for understanding genetics and heredity.

Higgs Boson

A subatomic particle discovered at the Large Hadron Collider in 2012, confirming the existence of the Higgs field and explaining how particles acquire mass.

Marie Curie

Polish-born physicist and chemist who conducted pioneering research on radioactivity, becoming the first woman to win a Nobel Prize and the only person to win Nobel Prizes in two different scientific fields.

Isaac Newton

English mathematician, physicist, and astronomer who formulated the laws of motion and universal gravitation, laying the foundation for classical mechanics.

Albert Einstein

German-born theoretical physicist who developed the theory of relativity, one of the two pillars of modern physics, and is best known for his equation E=mc².

Stephen Hawking

British theoretical physicist and cosmologist who made groundbreaking contributions to our understanding of black holes, the Big Bang, and the nature of the universe.

Mount Everest

The highest peak in the world, located in the Himalayas, and first successfully climbed by Sir Edmund Hillary and Tenzing Norgay in 1953.

Amazon Rainforest

The largest tropical rainforest in the world, covering a significant portion of South America and home to a rich biodiversity of plant and animal species.

Grand Canyon

A massive canyon carved by the Colorado River in Arizona, USA, known for its breathtaking beauty and geological significance.

Great Barrier Reef

The world's largest coral reef system, located off the coast of Australia, and a UNESCO World Heritage site, known for its stunning marine biodiversity.

Stonehenge

A prehistoric monument in Wiltshire, England, consisting of massive stone circles, believed to have been constructed between 3000 and 2000 BCE.

Petra

An ancient city in Jordan, famous for its rock-cut architecture and water conduit system, and a UNESCO World Heritage site.

Colosseum

An amphitheater in Rome, Italy, built during the Roman Empire, known for its architectural grandeur and historical significance.

Taj Mahal

A mausoleum in Agra, India, built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jahan in memory of his wife, and considered one of the most beautiful buildings in the world.

Pyramids of Giza

Ancient Egyptian pyramids located on the outskirts of Cairo, Egypt, including the Great Pyramid of Giza, one of the Seven Wonders of the Ancient World.

Terracotta Army

A collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China, discovered in 1974 near the city of Xi'an.

Rosetta Stone

An ancient Egyptian artifact discovered in 1799, containing a decree issued during the Ptolemaic dynasty, which played a crucial role in deciphering hieroglyphs.

Dead Sea Scrolls

A collection of Jewish texts discovered between 1947 and 1956 in the vicinity of the Dead Sea, providing valuable insights into ancient Jewish history and religious practices.

Lascaux Cave Paintings

A complex of caves in southwestern France, containing some of the most remarkable prehistoric cave paintings, estimated to be over 17,000 years old.

Terracotta Warriors

A collection of terracotta sculptures depicting the armies of Qin Shi Huang, the first Emperor of China, discovered in 1974 near the city of Xi'an.

Pompeii

An ancient Roman city near modern-day Naples, Italy, buried under volcanic ash and preserved remarkably well after the eruption of Mount Vesuvius in 79 CE.

Chichen Itza

An ancient Mayan city in Mexico, known for its impressive architectural structures, including the famous El Castillo pyramid.

Angkor Wat

A temple complex in Cambodia, built in the 12th century, and the largest religious monument in the world, representing the pinnacle of Khmer architecture.

Mesa Verde

A national park in Colorado, USA, known for its well-preserved Ancestral Puebloan cliff dwellings, providing insights into the lives of ancient Native American civilizations.