Word Formation Questions
Borrowing and loan translation are two different processes in word formation.
Borrowing refers to the adoption of words from one language into another language without any significant changes in their form or meaning. In this process, a word is directly taken from one language and used in another language as it is. For example, the English word "pizza" is borrowed from Italian.
On the other hand, loan translation, also known as calque, involves the translation of individual words or phrases from one language to another while maintaining the same word order and structure. In loan translation, the meaning of the original word or phrase is translated into the target language. For example, the English phrase "skyscraper" is a loan translation of the German word "Wolkenkratzer," where "Wolken" means "clouds" and "kratzer" means "scraper."
In summary, borrowing involves directly adopting words from one language to another, while loan translation involves translating the meaning of words or phrases from one language to another while maintaining the original structure.