Describe the process of neologism in word formation.

Neologism is the process of creating new words or expressions in a language. It involves the formation of words that are not yet recognized or established in the lexicon of a particular language. Neologisms can be created through various methods, such as borrowing from other languages, combining existing words, or creating entirely new words.

One common method of neologism is borrowing, where words or expressions from other languages are adopted and incorporated into the target language. This can occur when a new concept or object is introduced, and there is no existing word to describe it. For example, the English language has borrowed words like "sushi" from Japanese or "croissant" from French.

Another method is through the process of compounding, where two or more existing words are combined to create a new word with a different meaning. For instance, the word "brunch" is a combination of "breakfast" and "lunch." Similarly, "smog" is a combination of "smoke" and "fog."

Additionally, neologisms can be formed by affixation, which involves adding prefixes or suffixes to existing words to create new ones. For example, the prefix "un-" can be added to the word "happy" to form "unhappy," indicating the opposite meaning. Similarly, the suffix "-ism" can be added to the word "capital" to form "capitalism," representing a socio-economic system.

Furthermore, new words can be created through the process of blending, where parts of two or more words are combined to form a new word. For instance, the word "brunch" is a blend of "breakfast" and "lunch." Similarly, "smog" is a blend of "smoke" and "fog."

Lastly, neologisms can also be formed through the process of conversion, where a word changes its grammatical category without any changes in its form. For example, the noun "email" has been converted into a verb, as in "I will email you later."

In conclusion, neologism is the process of creating new words or expressions in a language. It can be achieved through borrowing, compounding, affixation, blending, conversion, or other creative linguistic processes. These new words contribute to the evolution and expansion of a language, allowing it to adapt to new concepts, technologies, and cultural changes.