Explain the process of affixation in word formation.

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Explain the process of affixation in word formation.

Affixation is a process of word formation in which affixes, which are bound morphemes, are added to a base or root word to create a new word with a different meaning or grammatical function. Affixes can be either prefixes, which are added to the beginning of a word, or suffixes, which are added to the end of a word.

The process of affixation involves attaching the affix to the base word, resulting in the formation of a derived word. The base word can be either a root word, which carries the core meaning of the word, or a stem, which is a modified form of the root word.

When a prefix is added to a base word, it modifies the meaning of the word. For example, the prefix "un-" added to the base word "happy" creates the derived word "unhappy," which means not happy. Similarly, the prefix "re-" added to the base word "do" creates the derived word "redo," which means to do again.

On the other hand, when a suffix is added to a base word, it often changes the grammatical function of the word. For instance, the suffix "-er" added to the base word "teach" creates the derived word "teacher," which refers to a person who teaches. Likewise, the suffix "-able" added to the base word "read" creates the derived word "readable," which means capable of being read.

Affixation allows for the creation of new words and expands the vocabulary of a language. It also enables speakers to express different shades of meaning and convey more precise information. Additionally, affixation plays a crucial role in the formation of various word classes, such as nouns, verbs, adjectives, and adverbs.

In conclusion, affixation is a process of word formation that involves adding prefixes or suffixes to base words to create derived words with altered meanings or grammatical functions. It is a fundamental mechanism in language that contributes to the richness and flexibility of vocabulary.