What are the rules for reporting wh-questions in indirect speech?

The rules for reporting wh-questions in indirect speech are as follows:

1. Change the question word: The question word (e.g., who, what, where, when, why, how) is changed to the corresponding interrogative pronoun or adverb in the reported speech. For example, "Where are you going?" becomes "She asked where I was going."

2. Change the verb tense: The verb tense in the reported speech is usually shifted back one tense. For example, if the original question was in the present tense, it would be reported in the past tense. "What do you want?" becomes "He asked what I wanted."

3. Change the pronouns: Pronouns in the reported speech are changed to reflect the perspective of the speaker in the reported speech. For example, "Who is coming with you?" becomes "She asked who was coming with me."

4. Use reporting verbs: Use appropriate reporting verbs such as ask, inquire, wonder, or want to know to introduce the reported speech. For example, "How long have you been here?" becomes "He wondered how long I had been there."

5. Maintain the word order: Keep the word order of the reported speech as a statement, not a question. For example, "Why did you do that?" becomes "She asked why I had done that."

It is important to note that these rules may vary depending on the specific context and tense of the original question.