What are the rules for reporting expressions of time and place within reported speech in indirect speech?

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What are the rules for reporting expressions of time and place within reported speech in indirect speech?

The rules for reporting expressions of time and place within reported speech in indirect speech are as follows:

1. Time expressions: When reporting someone's statement or question, the time expressions usually change according to the tense of the reported speech. For example, if the original statement was "I will go to the party tomorrow," in reported speech it would be reported as "He/she said that he/she would go to the party the next day."

2. Place expressions: Similar to time expressions, place expressions also change when reporting someone's speech indirectly. The reported speech should reflect the change in perspective. For instance, if the original statement was "I am going to the park," in reported speech it would be reported as "He/she said that he/she was going to the park."

3. Adverbs of time and place: Adverbs of time and place also undergo changes when reporting speech indirectly. They are usually shifted back in time or place. For example, if the original statement was "I am here now," in reported speech it would be reported as "He/she said that he/she was there then."

4. Demonstrative pronouns: Demonstrative pronouns like "this" and "these" change to "that" and "those" respectively when reporting speech indirectly. For instance, if the original statement was "I like this book," in reported speech it would be reported as "He/she said that he/she liked that book."

It is important to note that these rules may vary depending on the context and the tense of the reported speech.