How do you report reported offers, invitations, and promises in reported speech?

When reporting reported offers, invitations, and promises in reported speech, there are certain changes that need to be made to the original sentence. Here are the steps to follow:

1. Reporting verb: Begin the reported speech with an appropriate reporting verb such as 'said', 'told', 'asked', 'offered', 'invited', 'promised', etc. Choose the reporting verb based on the context of the sentence.

2. Reporting clause: Introduce the reported speech with a reporting clause that includes the reporting verb and the person who made the original offer, invitation, or promise. For example, "He said that", "She told me that", "They asked if", "He offered to", "She invited me to", "They promised that", etc.

3. Changes in pronouns: Adjust the pronouns in the reported speech to reflect the perspective of the person reporting the original statement. This means that the pronouns referring to the person making the offer, invitation, or promise will change according to the following rules:
- If the reported speech is about the same person as the person reporting, no changes are needed. For example, "He said, 'I offer you a job.'" becomes "He said that he offers me a job."
- If the reported speech is about a different person than the person reporting, the pronouns will change accordingly. For example, "She said, 'I invite you to the party.'" becomes "She said that she invites me to the party."

4. Changes in verb tenses: Adjust the verb tenses in the reported speech based on the relationship between the time of the original statement and the time of reporting. The general rule is to shift the verb tenses back one step. Here are some examples:
- Present simple changes to past simple: "He said, 'I offer you a job.'" becomes "He said that he offered me a job."
- Present continuous changes to past continuous: "She said, 'I am inviting you to the party.'" becomes "She said that she was inviting me to the party."
- Present perfect changes to past perfect: "They said, 'We have promised to help you.'" becomes "They said that they had promised to help me."

5. Changes in time and place expressions: Adjust any time and place expressions in the reported speech to reflect the time and place of the original statement. For example, "He said, 'I will meet you tomorrow at 5 pm.'" becomes "He said that he would meet me the next day at 5 pm."

By following these steps, you can accurately report reported offers, invitations, and promises in reported speech. Remember to pay attention to the changes in pronouns, verb tenses, and time/place expressions to ensure the reported speech is grammatically correct and conveys the intended meaning.