How do you change a sentence from direct speech to indirect speech?

To change a sentence from direct speech to indirect speech, there are several key steps to follow.

1. Identify the reporting verb: Begin by identifying the verb that introduces the reported speech. Common reporting verbs include say, tell, ask, explain, etc.

2. Change the pronouns: In indirect speech, the pronouns usually change to reflect the perspective of the speaker. For example, if the direct speech includes "I," it would change to "he/she" or "they" in indirect speech. Similarly, "you" changes to "I" or "we," and "we" changes to "they" or "he/she."

3. Change the verb tense: The verb tense in the reported speech is often shifted back in time. For example, if the direct speech is in the present tense, it may change to the past tense in indirect speech. However, this is not always the case, as sometimes the tense remains the same.

4. Change time and place references: If the direct speech includes specific time or place references, these may need to be adjusted in indirect speech. For example, "today" may change to "that day" or "yesterday," and "here" may change to "there."

5. Change modal verbs and adverbs: Modal verbs and adverbs may also need to be adjusted in indirect speech. For example, "can" may change to "could," "will" may change to "would," and "now" may change to "then."

6. Use reporting clauses: Finally, introduce the reported speech with appropriate reporting clauses such as "he/she said," "they told me," "she explained," etc. These reporting clauses help to indicate that the information is being reported rather than directly spoken.

It is important to note that these steps may vary depending on the specific context and the tense of the original direct speech. Additionally, it is crucial to maintain the meaning and intention of the original statement while converting it to indirect speech.