Discuss the use of 'which' in defining relative clauses.

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Discuss the use of 'which' in defining relative clauses.

In defining relative clauses, the word 'which' is commonly used to introduce additional information about a noun or pronoun. These clauses provide essential information that is necessary to identify or define the noun they modify. The use of 'which' in defining relative clauses is governed by specific rules and guidelines.

Firstly, 'which' is used to refer to things or animals, while 'who' is used to refer to people. For example, "The book, which is on the table, is mine" or "The dog, which is barking, belongs to my neighbor." In these examples, 'which' is used to introduce information about the book and the dog, respectively.

Secondly, 'which' is used when the relative clause is non-restrictive, meaning that the information it provides is not essential for identifying the noun it modifies. Non-restrictive relative clauses are usually set off by commas. For instance, "My car, which is red, is parked outside." In this example, the fact that the car is red is additional information, but it does not change the essential meaning of the sentence.

Thirdly, 'which' can be used to refer to an entire clause or sentence. For example, "She failed the exam, which was disappointing." Here, 'which' refers to the entire clause "She failed the exam," providing additional information about the situation.

It is important to note that 'which' is not used to refer to people in defining relative clauses. Instead, 'who' or 'that' is used. For instance, "The woman who is standing over there is my sister" or "The man that I met yesterday is a famous actor."

In summary, 'which' is commonly used in defining relative clauses to introduce additional information about things or animals. It is used when the relative clause is non-restrictive or when referring to an entire clause or sentence. However, it is important to use 'who' or 'that' when referring to people in defining relative clauses.