How is the present tense used in subjunctive mood?

In the English language, the present tense is used in the subjunctive mood to express hypothetical or unreal situations, wishes, suggestions, recommendations, and demands. The subjunctive mood is used when we want to talk about something that is not necessarily true or real, but rather something that is imagined or desired.

To form the present subjunctive, we typically use the base form of the verb, which is the same as the infinitive without the "to." However, it is important to note that the present subjunctive is often identical to the base form of the verb, except for the third person singular, which takes the form of the base form plus an "s."

Here are some examples of how the present tense is used in the subjunctive mood:

1. Hypothetical situations:
- If I were rich, I would travel the world.
- I wish I had more free time.

2. Wishes and desires:
- I suggest that he go to the doctor.
- It is important that she be on time.

3. Suggestions and recommendations:
- I recommend that you study harder for the exam.
- It is advisable that they take a break.

4. Demands and requirements:
- The teacher insists that the students be quiet.
- It is necessary that he submit the report by tomorrow.

In these examples, the present subjunctive is used to express situations that are contrary to reality, express desires or wishes, make suggestions or recommendations, and impose demands or requirements. It is important to note that the present subjunctive is not used as frequently in modern English as it once was, and in many cases, the indicative mood is used instead.

Overall, the present tense in the subjunctive mood allows us to express hypothetical or unreal situations, wishes, suggestions, recommendations, and demands in English.