Explain the concept of adverbial clauses and give examples.

Adverbial clauses are dependent clauses that function as adverbs within a sentence. They provide additional information about the verb, adjective, or adverb in the main clause. Adverbial clauses can indicate time, place, manner, condition, purpose, reason, concession, or contrast.

Here are some examples of adverbial clauses:

1. Time: "I will call you when I finish my work." (when I finish my work is the adverbial clause indicating the time of the action)
2. Place: "She looked around wherever she went." (wherever she went is the adverbial clause indicating the place of the action)
3. Manner: "He spoke as if he knew everything." (as if he knew everything is the adverbial clause indicating the manner of the action)
4. Condition: "If it rains, we will stay indoors." (if it rains is the adverbial clause indicating the condition for the action)
5. Purpose: "She studied hard so that she could pass the exam." (so that she could pass the exam is the adverbial clause indicating the purpose of the action)
6. Reason: "He left early because he had an appointment." (because he had an appointment is the adverbial clause indicating the reason for the action)
7. Concession: "Although it was raining, they went for a walk." (although it was raining is the adverbial clause indicating the concession to the main clause)
8. Contrast: "She is tall, whereas her sister is short." (whereas her sister is short is the adverbial clause indicating the contrast between the two individuals)

In each of these examples, the adverbial clause provides additional information about the main clause, modifying or adding context to the action or situation described. Adverbial clauses are essential in adding depth and complexity to sentences.