What are some common phrasal verbs used in academic writing?

In academic writing, phrasal verbs are often used to convey specific meanings and add variety to the language. Here are some common phrasal verbs frequently used in academic writing:

1. Carry out: To conduct or perform a task or experiment. Example: "The researchers carried out a study to investigate the effects of climate change."

2. Set forth: To present or explain an idea or argument. Example: "The author sets forth a compelling argument in favor of renewable energy."

3. Point out: To highlight or draw attention to something. Example: "The study points out the limitations of previous research in this field."

4. Bring about: To cause or initiate a change or result. Example: "The new policy brought about significant improvements in student performance."

5. Take into account: To consider or include something in decision-making or analysis. Example: "When evaluating the results, it is important to take into account the potential biases."

6. Put forward: To propose or suggest an idea or theory. Example: "The author puts forward a new hypothesis to explain the observed phenomenon."

7. Look into: To investigate or examine a topic or issue. Example: "Further research is needed to look into the long-term effects of this treatment."

8. Give rise to: To cause or lead to something. Example: "The economic crisis gave rise to increased unemployment rates."

9. Make up: To constitute or form something. Example: "These findings make up the basis of our argument."

10. Break down: To analyze or divide something into smaller parts. Example: "The report breaks down the data into different categories for better understanding."

11. Back up: To support or provide evidence for a claim or argument. Example: "The results of this study back up the previous findings."

12. Carry on: To continue or proceed with an activity. Example: "The researchers decided to carry on with the experiment despite the initial setbacks."

13. Put forth: To present or propose an idea or argument. Example: "The author puts forth a compelling case for the importance of early childhood education."

14. Take up: To begin or start doing something. Example: "The study takes up the issue of gender inequality in the workplace."

15. Set out: To start or begin a task or journey. Example: "The research paper sets out to explore the impact of social media on youth mental health."

It is important to note that the usage of phrasal verbs in academic writing should be appropriate and contextually relevant.