How do you form and use reported promises and offers in grammar syntax?

To form and use reported promises and offers in grammar syntax, there are a few key steps to follow.

1. Reporting verb: Begin by choosing an appropriate reporting verb such as "promise," "offer," or "agree." This verb will indicate the nature of the reported speech.

2. Reporting clause: Introduce the reported speech with a reporting clause that includes the reporting verb. For example, "He promised that..." or "She offered to..."

3. Reporting pronouns and tenses: Adjust the pronouns and tenses in the reported speech to match the new context. For example, if the original promise or offer was made by the first person ("I promise..."), it would change to the third person ("He promised...") in reported speech. Similarly, if the original promise or offer was made in the present tense ("I promise..."), it would change to the past tense ("He promised...") in reported speech.

4. Indirect speech: Convert the direct speech (original promise or offer) into indirect speech by removing quotation marks and adjusting the sentence structure. For example, change "I promise, 'I will help you'" to "He promised that he would help me."

5. Reporting adverbs and time expressions: If necessary, include reporting adverbs or time expressions to provide additional context or clarify the timing of the promise or offer. For example, "He promised yesterday that he would help me."

Overall, the process involves selecting an appropriate reporting verb, constructing a reporting clause, adjusting pronouns and tenses, converting direct speech to indirect speech, and adding any necessary reporting adverbs or time expressions.