What is the difference between active voice and passive voice in grammar?

Active voice and passive voice are two different ways of constructing sentences in grammar. The main difference between them lies in the way the subject and the object of a sentence are positioned.

In active voice, the subject of the sentence performs the action, while the object receives the action. The structure of an active voice sentence is typically subject-verb-object. For example, "John ate the apple." Here, "John" is the subject, "ate" is the verb, and "the apple" is the object. The subject is actively engaging in the action of eating the apple.

On the other hand, in passive voice, the subject of the sentence receives the action, while the object becomes the focus of the sentence. The structure of a passive voice sentence is typically object-verb-subject. For example, "The apple was eaten by John." Here, "the apple" is the object, "was eaten" is the verb, and "John" is the subject. The subject is not actively performing the action but rather receiving it.

The choice between active and passive voice depends on the emphasis and clarity desired in a sentence. Active voice is generally preferred as it is more direct, concise, and engaging. It clearly identifies the doer of the action and makes the sentence more dynamic. Passive voice, on the other hand, is used when the focus is on the object or when the doer of the action is unknown or unimportant.

It is important to note that passive voice can sometimes lead to ambiguity or lack of clarity, as it may obscure the doer of the action. Additionally, passive voice can make sentences wordier and less engaging. Therefore, it is generally recommended to use active voice whenever possible, unless there is a specific reason to use passive voice.

In summary, the difference between active voice and passive voice lies in the positioning of the subject and object in a sentence. Active voice emphasizes the doer of the action, while passive voice focuses on the object or receiver of the action. Active voice is generally preferred for its clarity and directness, while passive voice is used when the focus is on the object or when the doer of the action is unknown or unimportant.